Metals

Article Amadadha

5:26 PM |

What is the matter in the universe? Formed ordinary matter in the universe of three things is hydrogen and helium, and the remnants of the ashes of dead stars explode after during the

past 4.5 billion years. And after the Big Bang about 15 billion years since the hydrogen represents 75% of the mass of the universe and 25% helium. It was necessary for life such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen chemical elements that do not exist. As shrunk hydrogen and helium withdraw the impact of self-attractiveness formed stars Kofran nuclear fusion of light elements such as hydrogen and helium generating heavy elements formed the rocks of the planets and the seas warm and intelligent forms of life. And it launched these heavy blocks of space away from the star to become inflamed second generation of stars and planets. And a carbon of these elements and is essential to bring to life, it has Onoath consists in the hearts of stars at the end of her life began where all the hydrogen burned and turned into a helium which turned into carbon and oxygen, and others. It consists article in the land of the Aketrnat atoms and protons and neutrons and quarks. There is no out particles as anti-anti-proton or neutron quarks or otherwise consumed. Because particles and batteries on each Sterttm Livni and each other, resulting in the generation of high energy radiation. The universe had begun excessive increase in the number of quarks and lack in the number of anti-quarks. Because they if they were evenly Siqterpan from each other and Sifanaan Article cosmic nascent universe and become full of high-energy radiation, especially in childhood universe .ulen have its material nor objects or galaxies, or even life above ground to cover and not the Creator. Because the universe after the Big Bang was a huge temperature and the heat was enough to make antimatter and this did not happen, especially as elementary particles and energy was high enough to bring about this change. Electrons and quarks did not turn out to batteries on the childish universe. But the opposite has happened has turned into anti-quarks and electrons This is what makes quarks exist. The universe before the Big Bang size zero and the temperature was very high after him. The more I stretch temperature.

After a second of the Big Bang landed temperature 10 thousand million degrees Celsius. This decline is equivalent to a thousand times the temperature of the heart of the sun. The content of the universe at the time of photons and electrons and neutrons are all very light particles is not affected, but the force of gravity and the weak nuclear forces. If the universe was in its infancy very hot because of the photons, but it is currently limited temperature above absolute zero. During the early hours of the few produced helium and other elements .ookhzt electrons and nuclei lose energy .ltaathd together made up of atoms, while the universe expands and cools. The areas that have become more intense than the average speed of its expansion because of the increasing less than the force of gravity. Resulting in about expansion stopped in some areas the universe. This makes them shrink again. And outside these areas .. the force of gravity make these surrounding areas start to spin, which showed a roller-like disk galaxies. The areas that do not happen by rotation becomes a form elliptical galaxies and the so-called oval. One of the main ideas in the world of quantum mechanics equation England (Paul Dirac) in which the article predicted antimatter in the universe and corn. When discovered the positron (positive electron) he considered anti-electron negative charge, although it looks like him. Therefore, we find that each material or particle counter corn. Had I met or hit with Article Amadadha radioactive bombing happens, as happened with the proton when hit with anti-in accelerator (CERN) Swiss. Theoretical physicists believe that the universe as a whole has an anti parallels. Had they met happening between them radioactive bombing. And then antimatter was considered a mystery so far, especially when it disappears, as happened with anti-proton in the accelerator (CERN) in southern Switzerland. The question that really baffles scientists .. Amakan each antiparticle universe him. So why the universe is made of matter?. Especially that all the material offset by ten million antimatter. So where you go these antioxidants?. The scientists of modern physics assert that after the first second of the Big Bang the universe was no excess material jacketed antioxidants. After the hit resulted in some cosmic radiation and material excess everything made the universe currently including stars and galaxies and the earth. In Accelerator (CERN) are considered some of the particles and awesome monsters called instantaneous particles (Vimitothanitah). Because they live for part of a billion billionth of a second as particles (ZW). And cause damage in the radioactive atoms of some elements. These Kallioranjom intraday particles carry relatively weak force for the four forces that govern atoms.

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Uranium and plutonium

5:16 PM |

U-235 is drawn very difficult. In fact, all of the 25,000 tons of uranium ore taken from the mine in nature, only 50 tons of uranium metal can be purified from them. Also, 99.3% of the metal is uranium 238, which is

largely fixed metal for use as a factor in the atomic bombing. To make matters more complicated, there's no way they can ordinary chemical separation of uranium isotopes as the 235 and 238 possess chemical characteristics completely identical. The only ways that can be effective for separating uranium 235 from uranium 238 are mechanical ways.

U-235 is just a little bit lighter than uranium 238 used gaseous diffusion system for gaseous diffusion separation process begins between isotopes. In this system, combined with uranium to form a fluorine gas uranium hexafluoride. This combination Mrouhaa paid by low-pressure pump through a series of very narrow pores barriers. Because the lighter U-235 atoms and thus pass faster than uranium 238 atoms can be carried out more quickly barriers. As a result, the concentration of U-235 thus becomes greater as they passed through each barrier. After passing through several thousand barriers, the uranium hexafluoride has a relatively higher concentration of U-235 ... in reactor fuel Alikun 2% pure uranium 235. If the payment can be in terms of the theory that we get 95% pure uranium 235 and that for use in an atomic bomb.

Once the gaseous diffusion process, it must be purifying uranium again. Magnetic separation of the extract from the previous process of fertilization and then used in order to further purify uranium. This includes Tatrakloraad uranium gas-charged electrically and directed to pass on the field Ketromagnatisa weak. As the uranium particles 235 lighter in the gas stream are affected

After the first two steps, the fertilization process is applied to the third extracted from the second operation. This process includes the style, the events of centrifugal process gas from the gas centrifuge for further separation of uranium 235 from the lighter heavier counterpart. Centrifugal force separates the isotopes used the difference between the mass of each of them. Once you've completed all these procedures, all to be done is the formation of U-235 in the appropriate templates to put them inside the warhead can facilitate the atomic bombing.

Great identified critical mass of uranium-235 on the basis of 50 kilograms of pure uranium. According to the method or methods of purification used when Tnguenih U-235, as well as with mechanical warhead design and height which will explode it, the power of the explosion in an atomic bomb can be ranges from anything between 1 kilo tons (which is worth a thousand tons of which NT) to 20 Mega tonnes (which is equal to 20 million tons of which the T-which by the way is the youngest strategic nuclear warheads owned by the great powers today. (We recall here that the nuclear submarine force carrying one blow equivalent to 25 times the power of World War II)).

(This force does not Balash)

While the uranium fission ideal material, they in fact are not the only one. Plutonium can be used in an atomic bomb as well. And when you leave the uranium 238 in nuclear reactor for a longer period of time, the U-238 captures additional molecules (especially Altiotronat) and gradually turns into plutonium Atsr.

Fissionable plutonium and splits easily but not uranium. While uranium can explode by a simple tool of the type double all part-2 gun-type device, the plutonium must be blown up by more than 32 complex section of the rooms added to the stimulus of a powerful explosive known species. And the speed of the big strike and mechanical trigger simultaneous these explosives. It comes with these additional requirements for the mission to provide an accurate mixture of beryllium and polonium to the metal during the occurrence of all these actions.

And cleats, identified the critical mass of plutonium majority on the basis of 16 kg. This amount needed can be reduced to 10 kg and so inform the plutonium shell of uranium 238.

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Rhodium chemical element

4:58 PM |

Metallic chemical element symbol Rh name is derived from the Greek word meaning rhodon and Zuhri. And is a shining silvery color ovary. Aotair rhodium and one of the transition elements of the periodic table and the atomic number 45 and atomic weight 102.905 and melting point 1966 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of 3727 degrees Celsius and density of 12.4 g / cm 3. Rhodium was discovered in 1803 by the British and William Hyde Wollaston before chemotherapy. And rhodium component built into it is not very soluble in ordinary acids and very difficult goodwill and hardness according to Mohs scale is 4 degrees. Rhodium compounds show oxidation numbers ranging from 1 to 6. Mahalih and water for most of its salts with pink color and here is derived from his name. There rhodium in platinum ores in metal Aloozimiradiom and also found in gold -alrodiom in metal ores known as Alrudayt. And it occupies the first place and eighty in terms of the proportion of its presence in the earth's crust. Rhodium in alloying with platinum is used where these alloys intervention in industry thermocouples for measuring high temperatures. Rhodium is also used pure Kstah reflective mirror in the lights. The Black Rhodium is a metal powder and contains some oxides and Alheidredat is used as a catalyst and Kbbag black dye porcelain tools.

the cost per gram is about $ 300, this metal makes strange soft materials harsh. This property is exploited Weber gas industry hardener for their products. Radium is used widely in car exhaust industry, where radium in Ketelizatr able to convert harmful gases into harmless gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
* Supernova: is a type of supernovae and expression shows several massive stellar explosions which aims its cover star in space at the end of its life. Lead to the formation of spherical cloud around the star very glamorous (severe sparkles) of plasma.
* Mohs scale: Scale is used to denote the ability of different materials to resist scratching any amount Slaptha.oeetm by examining the ability of a solid material to scratch material hardness less of them.

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Uranium and plutonium

Rhodium chemical element